Steering rods are designed to transfer the force that turns the steered wheels (usually the front ones) from the steering mechanism to the pivoting levers of the hubs. There are joints at the ends of the steering rods. Thanks to them, during the mutual movements of the rods, wheels and the body during the operation of the suspension, it is possible to transfer the force from the steering mechanism and the angle of rotation of the wheels chosen by the driver remains unchanged.

Serviceable alternators provide uninterrupted supply of current, which is necessary for the operation of most automotive electrical components: ignition systems, on-board computers, and others. At the same time, the alternator maintains the battery charge. The condition and power of the alternator directly affects the reliability of the vehicle and its performance and performance.

1. 405 II (4B)
2. 405 II Saloon (4B)
3. 405 Mk II (4B)
4. 405 II Break (4E)
5. 405 Mk II Estate (4E)
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The tie rod axle joint construction

The TOPRAN brand Tie Rod Axle Joint are the most common. They consist of a finger, the spherical part of which is placed in a dense "bed" (insert) inside the robust body of the handpiece. Often the spherical end of the thrust plays the role of the pin. The liner can be made of rubber, plastic or metal. Such hinges provide large angles of mobility of the connecting rods.

Wear of joints is the most common malfunction not only of rods, but also of the steering system as a whole. Usually the liner (or rubber bushing in some designs) is frayed or destroyed. For joints with inserts, after a long run, the spherical surface of the pin may be worn out.